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GPT-4.1 vs GPT-5.4 Nano

GPT-5.4 Nano leads GPT-4.1 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, 20.7 to 12.7, and GPT-5.4 Nano costs 6.4x less per output token ($1.25 vs $8.00 per million). Updated October 22, 2026; 67 benchmarks have a result for both.

Replace GPT-4.1 Replace GPT-5.4 Nano
GPT-4.1OpenAI
Coding
No data
Overall
36.5
Output $/M
$8.00
36
GPT-5.4 NanoOpenAI
Coding
44.8
Overall
45.7
Output $/M
$1.25
31
vs boards won of 67 shared

GPT-4.1 or GPT-5.4 Nano: which to pick

Only GPT-5.4 Nano has a coding score, 44.8 on the Vibe Coding Index; GPT-4.1 has none, so the two cannot be ranked on coding.

Pick GPT-4.1 for a larger context window (1.05M against 400K tokens) and work measured by LMArena Text: hard prompts or LMArena Text: hard prompts in English, where it leads.

Model AGPT-4.1OpenAINot benchmarkedNo coding benchmark$0.37 per solved taskModel BGPT-5.4 NanoOpenAI44.8/1002 independent benchmarks$0.14 per solved task
Shared results
67
GPT-4.1 only
25
GPT-5.4 Nano only
18
Like-for-like categories
7 of 9

Only benchmarks that tested both models count toward a pick; a result only one model has is shown but not compared.

Which one for your work

Each card is decided by one number both models carry. Where only one has it, the card says so and makes no call.

At a glance

Coding index
GPT-4.1 not benchmarked, GPT-5.4 Nano 44.8 from 2 benchmarks.
Widest category
Math, 30.4 points apart on average over 5 shared benchmarks.
Widest single gap
OTIS Mock AIME: GPT-4.1 38.3% against GPT-5.4 Nano 87.8%, 49.4 points apart on a 0 to 100 scale.
Output price
GPT-4.1 $8.00 against GPT-5.4 Nano $1.25 per million output tokens, 6.4x apart.
Context window
GPT-4.1 takes 1.05M tokens, GPT-5.4 Nano 400K.

Benchmark by benchmark

First the score: boards each model leads, per category, where both have a result. Then every board, a category to a fold; bars are each result on a 0 to 100 scale, so compare the two in a row, not one row with another.

Boards won, where both have a result
CategoryGPT-4.1BarsGPT-5.4 NanoTies
Coding06
Intelligence02
Agentic work01
Reasoning59
Math05
Knowledge110
General208
All shared boards3631
CodingLike-for-likeSix of these boards feed the Vibe Coding Index06
Coding benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
Aider polyglot52.4%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
SWE-bench Verified39.6%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
SWE-bench Multimodal31.1%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
AA Coding IndexNot measured56.1Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
LiveCodeBench (Vals AI)54.7%84.0%GPT-5.4 Nano
SWE-bench Verified (Vals AI)Not measured69.8%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Vibe Code Bench (Vals AI)Not measured26.1%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Code migration (Vals AI)Not measured14.5%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Vals AI)Not measured41.6%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
LiveCodeBench (Artificial Analysis run)45.7%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
SciCodeNot measured47.2%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Terminal-Bench Hard (Artificial Analysis run)13.6%42.4%GPT-5.4 Nano
WeirdML39.0%49.2%GPT-5.4 Nano
ALE-Bench558.11004.5GPT-5.4 Nano
LMArena Text: coding13901404GPT-5.4 Nano
LMArena Text: software and IT13911402GPT-5.4 Nano
SciCode4.6%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 22 boards here
IntelligenceLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index02
Intelligence benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
AA Intelligence Index12.720.7GPT-5.4 Nano
Epoch Capabilities Index136.7146.0GPT-5.4 Nano
Agentic workLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index01
Agentic work benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
AA Agentic IndexNot measured16.0Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Finance Agent (Vals AI)Not measured38.2%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Tax Agent Bench (Vals AI)Not measured5.0%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Legal Research Bench (Vals AI)Not measured6.3%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Excel Modeling Benchmark (Vals AI)Not measured44.8%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
τ²-Bench Telecom47.1%76.0%GPT-5.4 Nano
Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard (BFCL)54.0%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
BrowseComp-Plus36.4%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 33 boards here
ReasoningLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index59
Reasoning benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
GPQA Diamond65.4%77.5%GPT-5.4 Nano
MMMU Pro (Vals AI)72.4%73.6%GPT-5.4 Nano
GPQA Diamond (Artificial Analysis run)66.6%81.7%GPT-5.4 Nano
Humanity's Last Exam (Artificial Analysis run)4.2%28.3%GPT-5.4 Nano
GPQA Diamond (Epoch AI run)66.9%78.5%GPT-5.4 Nano
ARC-AGI5.5%51.5%GPT-5.4 Nano
ARC-AGI-20.4%5.7%GPT-5.4 Nano
SimpleBench27.0%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Chess puzzles3.0%45.0%GPT-5.4 Nano
Mystery game puzzlesNot measured9.0%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
LMArena Text: hard prompts13841381GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: expert13641396GPT-5.4 Nano
LMArena Text: hard prompts in English13931387GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: diagrams12151210GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: homework12481225GPT-4.1
Kagi LLM Benchmark52.3%39.7%GPT-4.1
Neither model has a result on the other 6 boards here
MathLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index05
Math benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
AIME39.6%88.8%GPT-5.4 Nano
MATH 500 (Vals AI)87.2%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
MGSM (Vals AI)87.7%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
AA Math Index34.7Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
AIME 2025 (Artificial Analysis run)34.7%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
OTIS Mock AIME38.3%87.8%GPT-5.4 Nano
FrontierMath, tiers 1 to 36.0%44.9%GPT-5.4 Nano
FrontierMath, tier 4Not measured12.2%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
ProofBenchNot measured5.0%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
MATH level 583.0%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: math13691405GPT-5.4 Nano
LMArena Text: mathematical work13601409GPT-5.4 Nano
Neither model has a result on the other 1 board here
KnowledgeLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index110
Knowledge benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
MMLU Pro80.5%77.2%GPT-4.1
LegalBench (Vals AI)83.1%77.9%GPT-4.1
CaseLaw (Vals AI)69.9%51.9%GPT-4.1
CorpFin (Vals AI)63.0%61.2%GPT-4.1
TaxEval (Vals AI)75.1%67.4%GPT-4.1
MortgageTax (Vals AI)65.9%59.1%GPT-4.1
MedQA (Vals AI)91.2%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
MedCode (Vals AI)Not measured41.0%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
MMLU Pro (Artificial Analysis run)80.6%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
SimpleQA Verified31.1%11.7%GPT-4.1
GeoBench72.0%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: science13821374GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: medicine and healthcare13791369GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: legal and government13991368GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: business and finance13691366GPT-4.1
FACTS Benchmark Suite45.8%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 2 boards here
Web designDirectional onlyPublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index6 boards, none shared
Web design benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
Design Arena: websites1038Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: UI components997Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: game dev1079Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: data viz1104Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: 3D849Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: all code categories1025Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 3 boards here
GeneralLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index208
General benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
SAGE (Vals AI)Not measured38.1%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
MedScribe (Vals AI)Not measured77.1%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
Vals Multimodal IndexNot measured47.6%Only GPT-5.4 Nano measured
IFBench43.0%75.9%GPT-5.4 Nano
Long context reasoning (AA-LCR)68.3%76.7%GPT-5.4 Nano
DTBench68.3%80.3%GPT-5.4 Nano
LMCA25.6%36.9%GPT-5.4 Nano
Fiction.LiveBench63.9%Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text13831372GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: instruction following13671362GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: creative writing13631315GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision12101196GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: English13921381GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: non-English13701359GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: Chinese13821391GPT-5.4 Nano
LMArena Text: German13811368GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: Japanese13191343GPT-5.4 Nano
LMArena Text: Korean13381321GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: French13821395GPT-5.4 Nano
LMArena Text: Spanish13761371GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: Russian13771363GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: Polish13891366GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: multi-turn13971382GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: longer queries13851365GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: writing and language13711338GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: entertainment and media13651325GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: English12091202GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: Chinese12261232GPT-5.4 Nano
LMArena Vision: reading text12181204GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: humor11961161GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: captioning1207Not measuredOnly GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Vision: recognizing things12081141GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: creative writing12101159GPT-4.1
Neither model has a result on the other 13 boards here
Image generationNot comparablePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index0 boards, none shared
Image generation benchmarks for GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-4.1GPT-5.4 NanoLeader
Neither model has a result on 5 boards here

What each workload costs

Three fixed token mixes at each model's listed price, so per-token rates become a bill.

Chat turn

1K input + 500 output tokens

GPT-4.1$0.0060Fits in one request
GPT-5.4 Nano$0.0008Fits in one request

GPT-5.4 Nano costs less

Repository review

50K input + 3K output tokens

GPT-4.1$0.124Fits in one request
GPT-5.4 Nano$0.014Fits in one request

GPT-5.4 Nano costs less

Agent loop

200K input + 10K output tokens

GPT-4.1$0.480Fits in one request
GPT-5.4 Nano$0.052Fits in one request

GPT-5.4 Nano costs less

Listed OpenRouter rates, without cache or batch discounts. A workload that does not fit a model's context window would need splitting.

Specification differences

The leading value in a row is marked; a row with a missing value names no leader. Our two rows are marked in red.

Specifications of GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.4 Nano
SpecificationOpenAI GPT-4.1OpenAI GPT-5.4 Nano
MakerOpenAIOpenAI
WeightsNo public weights listedNo public weights listed
ReleasedApril 14, 2025March 17, 2026
Context window1.05M400K
Input $/Mtok$2.00$0.20
Output $/Mtok$8.00$1.25
Coding indexNot benchmarked44.8
Independent measurements behind it02
Cost per solved task$0.37$0.14
SourceOpenRouter listingOpenRouter listing

Questions

Is GPT-4.1 better than GPT-5.4 Nano for coding?

Only GPT-5.4 Nano has a coding score, 44.8 on the Vibe Coding Index; GPT-4.1 has none, so the two cannot be ranked on coding. Pick GPT-4.1 for a larger context window (1.05M against 400K tokens) and work measured by LMArena Text: hard prompts or LMArena Text: hard prompts in English, where it leads.

Which is cheaper, GPT-4.1 or GPT-5.4 Nano?

GPT-4.1 costs $2.00 per million input tokens and $8.00 per million output tokens; GPT-5.4 Nano costs $0.20 and $1.25. Per solved SWE-bench Verified task, GPT-4.1 costs $0.37 and GPT-5.4 Nano $0.14.

Which has the bigger context window, GPT-4.1 or GPT-5.4 Nano?

GPT-4.1, with 1.05M tokens against 400K.

How many benchmarks is the GPT-4.1 vs GPT-5.4 Nano comparison based on?

67 benchmarks have a result for both models as of October 22, 2026. GPT-4.1's coding index rests on 0 independent benchmarks and GPT-5.4 Nano's on 2. Where only one model has a result, the page says so instead of naming a winner.

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