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GPT-3.5 Turbo vs GPT-4.1 Nano

GPT-4.1 Nano leads GPT-3.5 Turbo on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, 7.8 to 5.5, and GPT-4.1 Nano costs 3.8x less per output token ($0.40 vs $1.50 per million). Updated October 23, 2026; 9 benchmarks have a result for both.

Replace GPT-3.5 Turbo Replace GPT-4.1 Nano
GPT-3.5 TurboOpenAI
Coding
No data
Overall
No data
Output $/M
$1.50
2
GPT-4.1 NanoOpenAI
Coding
No data
Overall
24.7
Output $/M
$0.40
7
vs boards won of 9 shared

GPT-3.5 Turbo or GPT-4.1 Nano: which to pick

Neither model has a coding score yet, so the two cannot be ranked on coding.

Pick GPT-3.5 Turbo for work measured by AA Coding Index or AA Intelligence Index, where it leads.

Model AGPT-3.5 TurboOpenAINot benchmarkedNo coding benchmarkNo cost per solved taskModel BGPT-4.1 NanoOpenAINot benchmarkedNo coding benchmarkNo cost per solved task
Shared results
9
GPT-3.5 Turbo only
4
GPT-4.1 Nano only
62
Like-for-like categories
5 of 9

Only benchmarks that tested both models count toward a pick; a result only one model has is shown but not compared.

Which one for your work

Each card is decided by one number both models carry. Where only one has it, the card says so and makes no call.

At a glance

Coding index
GPT-3.5 Turbo not benchmarked, GPT-4.1 Nano not benchmarked.
Widest category
Reasoning, 20.8 points apart on average over 2 shared benchmarks.
Widest single gap
GPQA Diamond (Artificial Analysis run): GPT-3.5 Turbo 29.7% against GPT-4.1 Nano 51.2%, 21.5 points apart on a 0 to 100 scale.
Output price
GPT-3.5 Turbo $1.50 against GPT-4.1 Nano $0.40 per million output tokens, 3.8x apart.
Context window
GPT-3.5 Turbo takes 16K tokens, GPT-4.1 Nano 1.05M.

Benchmark by benchmark

First the score: boards each model leads, per category, where both have a result. Then every board, a category to a fold; bars are each result on a 0 to 100 scale, so compare the two in a row, not one row with another.

Boards won, where both have a result
CategoryGPT-3.5 TurboBarsGPT-4.1 NanoTies
Coding01
Intelligence01
Reasoning02
Knowledge12
General11
All shared boards27
CodingLike-for-likeSix of these boards feed the Vibe Coding Index01
Coding benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
Aider polyglotNot measured8.9%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
AA Coding Index10.711.1GPT-4.1 Nano
LiveCodeBench (Vals AI)Not measured42.7%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LiveCodeBench (Artificial Analysis run)Not measured32.6%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Terminal-Bench Hard (Artificial Analysis run)Not measured3.8%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
WeirdMLNot measured19.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: codingNot measured1305Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: software and ITNot measured1305Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
SciCode0.0%Not measuredOnly GPT-3.5 Turbo measured
Neither model has a result on the other 34 boards here
IntelligenceLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index01
Intelligence benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
AA Intelligence Index5.57.8GPT-4.1 Nano
Epoch Capabilities IndexNot measured129.5Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Agentic workDirectional onlyPublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index2 boards, none shared
Agentic work benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
τ²-Bench TelecomNot measured17.3%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard (BFCL)Not measured33.1%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Neither model has a result on the other 40 boards here
ReasoningLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index02
Reasoning benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
GPQA Diamond30.6%50.8%GPT-4.1 Nano
MMMU Pro (Vals AI)Not measured55.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
GPQA Diamond (Artificial Analysis run)29.7%51.2%GPT-4.1 Nano
Humanity's Last Exam (Artificial Analysis run)Not measured3.8%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
GPQA Diamond (Epoch AI run)Not measured48.9%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
ARC-AGINot measured0.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
ARC-AGI-2Not measured0.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Chess puzzlesNot measured0.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
BIG-Bench Hard61.6%Not measuredOnly GPT-3.5 Turbo measured
LMArena Text: hard promptsNot measured1286Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: expertNot measured1272Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: hard prompts in EnglishNot measured1292Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Kagi LLM BenchmarkNot measured33.3%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Neither model has a result on the other 10 boards here
MathDirectional onlyPublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index10 boards, none shared
Math benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
AIMENot measured26.5%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
MATH 500 (Vals AI)Not measured80.2%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
MGSM (Vals AI)Not measured69.3%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
AA Math IndexNot measured24.0Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
AIME 2025 (Artificial Analysis run)Not measured24.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
OTIS Mock AIMENot measured28.9%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
MATH level 5Not measured70.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
GSM8K57.8%Not measuredOnly GPT-3.5 Turbo measured
LMArena Text: mathNot measured1274Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: mathematical workNot measured1274Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Neither model has a result on the other 4 boards here
KnowledgeLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index12
Knowledge benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
MMLU ProNot measured63.5%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LegalBench (Vals AI)64.4%61.1%GPT-3.5 Turbo
CorpFin (Vals AI)Not measured42.1%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
TaxEval (Vals AI)Not measured60.8%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
MortgageTax (Vals AI)Not measured52.8%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
MedQA (Vals AI)58.5%68.2%GPT-4.1 Nano
MMLU Pro (Artificial Analysis run)46.2%65.7%GPT-4.1 Nano
SimpleQA VerifiedNot measured6.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
MMLU68.5%Not measuredOnly GPT-3.5 Turbo measured
LMArena Text: scienceNot measured1297Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: medicine and healthcareNot measured1276Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: legal and governmentNot measured1300Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: business and financeNot measured1266Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Neither model has a result on the other 7 boards here
Web designDirectional onlyPublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index6 boards, none shared
Web design benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
Design Arena: websitesNot measured973Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Design Arena: UI componentsNot measured913Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Design Arena: game devNot measured970Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Design Arena: data vizNot measured891Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Design Arena: 3DNot measured926Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Design Arena: all code categoriesNot measured962Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Neither model has a result on the other 3 boards here
GeneralLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index11
General benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
IFBenchNot measured32.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Long context reasoning (AA-LCR)Not measured20.3%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
DTBench48.5%52.5%GPT-4.1 Nano
LMCA9.7%5.5%GPT-3.5 Turbo
Fiction.LiveBenchNot measured25.0%Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena TextNot measured1285Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: instruction followingNot measured1266Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: creative writingNot measured1260Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena VisionNot measured1063Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: EnglishNot measured1303Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: non-EnglishNot measured1260Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: ChineseNot measured1270Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: GermanNot measured1288Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: JapaneseNot measured1198Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: RussianNot measured1261Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: multi-turnNot measured1277Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: longer queriesNot measured1282Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: writing and languageNot measured1261Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Text: entertainment and mediaNot measured1243Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
LMArena Vision: EnglishNot measured1101Only GPT-4.1 Nano measured
Neither model has a result on the other 28 boards here
Image generationNot comparablePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index0 boards, none shared
Image generation benchmarks for GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
BenchmarkGPT-3.5 TurboGPT-4.1 NanoLeader
Neither model has a result on 5 boards here

What each workload costs

Three fixed token mixes at each model's listed price, so per-token rates become a bill.

Chat turn

1K input + 500 output tokens

GPT-3.5 Turbo$0.0013Fits in one request
GPT-4.1 Nano$0.0003Fits in one request

GPT-4.1 Nano costs less

Repository review

50K input + 3K output tokens

GPT-3.5 Turbo$0.029Exceeds the context window
GPT-4.1 Nano$0.0062Fits in one request

GPT-4.1 Nano costs less

Agent loop

200K input + 10K output tokens

GPT-3.5 Turbo$0.115Exceeds the context window
GPT-4.1 Nano$0.024Fits in one request

GPT-4.1 Nano costs less

Listed OpenRouter rates, without cache or batch discounts. A workload that does not fit a model's context window would need splitting.

Specification differences

The leading value in a row is marked; a row with a missing value names no leader. Our two rows are marked in red.

Specifications of GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4.1 Nano
SpecificationOpenAI GPT-3.5 TurboOpenAI GPT-4.1 Nano
MakerOpenAIOpenAI
WeightsNo public weights listedNo public weights listed
ReleasedMay 28, 2023April 14, 2025
Context window16K1.05M
Input $/Mtok$0.50$0.10
Output $/Mtok$1.50$0.40
Coding indexNot benchmarkedNot benchmarked
Independent measurements behind it00
Cost per solved taskNot computableNot computable
SourceOpenRouter listingOpenRouter listing

Questions

Is GPT-3.5 Turbo better than GPT-4.1 Nano for coding?

Neither model has a coding score yet, so the two cannot be ranked on coding. Pick GPT-3.5 Turbo for work measured by AA Coding Index or AA Intelligence Index, where it leads.

Which is cheaper, GPT-3.5 Turbo or GPT-4.1 Nano?

GPT-3.5 Turbo costs $0.50 per million input tokens and $1.50 per million output tokens; GPT-4.1 Nano costs $0.10 and $0.40. Cost per solved task is known for neither of them.

Which has the bigger context window, GPT-3.5 Turbo or GPT-4.1 Nano?

GPT-4.1 Nano, with 1.05M tokens against 16K.

How many benchmarks is the GPT-3.5 Turbo vs GPT-4.1 Nano comparison based on?

9 benchmarks have a result for both models as of October 23, 2026. GPT-3.5 Turbo's coding index rests on 0 independent benchmarks and GPT-4.1 Nano's on 0. Where only one model has a result, the page says so instead of naming a winner.

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