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Gemma 3 12B vs GPT-4.1

GPT-4.1 leads Gemma 3 12B on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, 12.7 to 3.8, and Gemma 3 12B costs 49.2x less per output token ($0.1625 vs $8.00 per million). Updated October 22, 2026; 40 benchmarks have a result for both.

Replace Gemma 3 12B Replace GPT-4.1
Gemma 3 12BGoogle
Coding
No data
Overall
28.0
Output $/M
$0.1625
1
GPT-4.1OpenAI
Coding
No data
Overall
36.5
Output $/M
$8.00
38
vs boards won of 40 shared, 1 tied

Gemma 3 12B or GPT-4.1: which to pick

Neither model has a coding score yet, so the two cannot be ranked on coding.

Pick Gemma 3 12B for output tokens 49.2x cheaper ($0.1625 vs $8.00 per million) and work measured by LiveCodeBench (Artificial Analysis run) or Terminal-Bench Hard (Artificial Analysis run), where it leads.

Model AGemma 3 12BGoogleNot benchmarkedNo coding benchmarkNo cost per solved taskModel BGPT-4.1OpenAINot benchmarkedNo coding benchmark$0.37 per solved task
Shared results
40
Gemma 3 12B only
3
GPT-4.1 only
52
Like-for-like categories
7 of 9

Only benchmarks that tested both models count toward a pick; a result only one model has is shown but not compared.

Which one for your work

Each card is decided by one number both models carry. Where only one has it, the card says so and makes no call.

At a glance

Coding index
Gemma 3 12B not benchmarked, GPT-4.1 not benchmarked.
Widest category
Agentic work, 29.9 points apart on average over 2 shared benchmarks.
Widest single gap
Long context reasoning (AA-LCR): Gemma 3 12B 8.3% against GPT-4.1 68.3%, 60.0 points apart on a 0 to 100 scale.
Output price
Gemma 3 12B $0.1625 against GPT-4.1 $8.00 per million output tokens, 49.2x apart.
Context window
Gemma 3 12B takes 131K tokens, GPT-4.1 1.05M.

Benchmark by benchmark

First the score: boards each model leads, per category, where both have a result. Then every board, a category to a fold; bars are each result on a 0 to 100 scale, so compare the two in a row, not one row with another.

Boards won, where both have a result
CategoryGemma 3 12BBarsGPT-4.1Ties
Coding05
Intelligence02
Agentic work02
Reasoning051 tie
Math05
Knowledge14
General015
All shared boards1381 tie
CodingLike-for-likeSix of these boards feed the Vibe Coding Index05
Coding benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
Aider polyglotNot measured52.4%Only GPT-4.1 measured
SWE-bench VerifiedNot measured39.6%Only GPT-4.1 measured
SWE-bench MultimodalNot measured31.1%Only GPT-4.1 measured
AA Coding Index5.8Not measuredOnly Gemma 3 12B measured
LiveCodeBench (Vals AI)Not measured54.7%Only GPT-4.1 measured
LiveCodeBench (Artificial Analysis run)13.7%45.7%GPT-4.1
SciCode16.4%Not measuredOnly Gemma 3 12B measured
Terminal-Bench Hard (Artificial Analysis run)0.8%13.6%GPT-4.1
WeirdMLNot measured39.0%Only GPT-4.1 measured
ALE-BenchNot measured558.1Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: coding12811390GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: software and IT13131391GPT-4.1
SciCode0.0%4.6%GPT-4.1
Neither model has a result on the other 26 boards here
IntelligenceLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index02
Intelligence benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
AA Intelligence Index3.812.7GPT-4.1
Epoch Capabilities Index123.5136.7GPT-4.1
Agentic workLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index02
Agentic work benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
AA Agentic Index0.1Not measuredOnly Gemma 3 12B measured
τ²-Bench Telecom10.8%47.1%GPT-4.1
Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard (BFCL)30.4%54.0%GPT-4.1
BrowseComp-PlusNot measured36.4%Only GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 37 boards here
ReasoningLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index05
Reasoning benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
GPQA DiamondNot measured65.4%Only GPT-4.1 measured
MMMU Pro (Vals AI)Not measured72.4%Only GPT-4.1 measured
GPQA Diamond (Artificial Analysis run)34.9%66.6%GPT-4.1
Humanity's Last Exam (Artificial Analysis run)4.2%4.2%Tie
GPQA Diamond (Epoch AI run)39.5%66.9%GPT-4.1
ARC-AGINot measured5.5%Only GPT-4.1 measured
ARC-AGI-2Not measured0.4%Only GPT-4.1 measured
SimpleBenchNot measured27.0%Only GPT-4.1 measured
Chess puzzlesNot measured3.0%Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: hard prompts13091384GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: expert12481364GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: hard prompts in English13181393GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: diagramsNot measured1215Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Vision: homeworkNot measured1248Only GPT-4.1 measured
Kagi LLM BenchmarkNot measured52.3%Only GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 7 boards here
MathLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index05
Math benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
AIMENot measured39.6%Only GPT-4.1 measured
MATH 500 (Vals AI)Not measured87.2%Only GPT-4.1 measured
MGSM (Vals AI)Not measured87.7%Only GPT-4.1 measured
AA Math Index18.334.7GPT-4.1
AIME 2025 (Artificial Analysis run)18.3%34.7%GPT-4.1
OTIS Mock AIME16.7%38.3%GPT-4.1
FrontierMath, tiers 1 to 3Not measured6.0%Only GPT-4.1 measured
MATH level 5Not measured83.0%Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: math13071369GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: mathematical work13361360GPT-4.1
Neither model has a result on the other 3 boards here
KnowledgeLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index14
Knowledge benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
MMLU ProNot measured80.5%Only GPT-4.1 measured
LegalBench (Vals AI)Not measured83.1%Only GPT-4.1 measured
CaseLaw (Vals AI)Not measured69.9%Only GPT-4.1 measured
CorpFin (Vals AI)Not measured63.0%Only GPT-4.1 measured
TaxEval (Vals AI)Not measured75.1%Only GPT-4.1 measured
MortgageTax (Vals AI)Not measured65.9%Only GPT-4.1 measured
MedQA (Vals AI)Not measured91.2%Only GPT-4.1 measured
MMLU Pro (Artificial Analysis run)59.5%80.6%GPT-4.1
SimpleQA VerifiedNot measured31.1%Only GPT-4.1 measured
GeoBenchNot measured72.0%Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: science13661382GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: medicine and healthcare13341379GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: legal and government13811399GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: business and finance13761369Gemma 3 12B
FACTS Benchmark SuiteNot measured45.8%Only GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 3 boards here
Web designDirectional onlyPublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index6 boards, none shared
Web design benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
Design Arena: websitesNot measured1038Only GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: UI componentsNot measured997Only GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: game devNot measured1079Only GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: data vizNot measured1104Only GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: 3DNot measured849Only GPT-4.1 measured
Design Arena: all code categoriesNot measured1025Only GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 3 boards here
GeneralLike-for-likePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index015
General benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
IFBench36.7%43.0%GPT-4.1
Long context reasoning (AA-LCR)8.3%68.3%GPT-4.1
DTBench48.8%68.3%GPT-4.1
LMCA4.5%25.6%GPT-4.1
Fiction.LiveBenchNot measured63.9%Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text13341383GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: instruction following12991367GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: creative writing13311363GPT-4.1
LMArena VisionNot measured1210Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: English13491392GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: non-English13181370GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: ChineseNot measured1382Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: German13701381GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: JapaneseNot measured1319Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: KoreanNot measured1338Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: FrenchNot measured1382Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: SpanishNot measured1376Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: Russian13351377GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: PolishNot measured1389Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Text: multi-turn13341397GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: longer queries13171385GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: writing and language13071371GPT-4.1
LMArena Text: entertainment and media12971365GPT-4.1
LMArena Vision: EnglishNot measured1209Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Vision: ChineseNot measured1226Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Vision: reading textNot measured1218Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Vision: humorNot measured1196Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Vision: captioningNot measured1207Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Vision: recognizing thingsNot measured1208Only GPT-4.1 measured
LMArena Vision: creative writingNot measured1210Only GPT-4.1 measured
Neither model has a result on the other 16 boards here
Image generationNot comparablePublic boards, shown as published, kept out of the index0 boards, none shared
Image generation benchmarks for Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
BenchmarkGemma 3 12BGPT-4.1Leader
Neither model has a result on 5 boards here

What each workload costs

Three fixed token mixes at each model's listed price, so per-token rates become a bill.

Chat turn

1K input + 500 output tokens

Gemma 3 12B$0.0002Fits in one request
GPT-4.1$0.0060Fits in one request

Gemma 3 12B costs less

Repository review

50K input + 3K output tokens

Gemma 3 12B$0.0042Fits in one request
GPT-4.1$0.124Fits in one request

Gemma 3 12B costs less

Agent loop

200K input + 10K output tokens

Gemma 3 12B$0.017Exceeds the context window
GPT-4.1$0.480Fits in one request

Gemma 3 12B costs less

Listed OpenRouter rates, without cache or batch discounts. A workload that does not fit a model's context window would need splitting.

Specification differences

The leading value in a row is marked; a row with a missing value names no leader. Our two rows are marked in red.

Specifications of Gemma 3 12B and GPT-4.1
SpecificationGoogle Gemma 3 12BOpenAI GPT-4.1
MakerGoogleOpenAI
WeightsOpen weightsNo public weights listed
ReleasedMarch 13, 2025April 14, 2025
Context window131K1.05M
Input $/Mtok$0.075$2.00
Output $/Mtok$0.1625$8.00
Coding indexNot benchmarkedNot benchmarked
Independent measurements behind it00
Cost per solved taskNot computable$0.37
SourceOpenRouter listingOpenRouter listing

Questions

Is Gemma 3 12B better than GPT-4.1 for coding?

Neither model has a coding score yet, so the two cannot be ranked on coding. Pick Gemma 3 12B for output tokens 49.2x cheaper ($0.1625 vs $8.00 per million) and work measured by LiveCodeBench (Artificial Analysis run) or Terminal-Bench Hard (Artificial Analysis run), where it leads.

Which is cheaper, Gemma 3 12B or GPT-4.1?

Gemma 3 12B costs $0.075 per million input tokens and $0.1625 per million output tokens; GPT-4.1 costs $2.00 and $8.00. Cost per solved task is known for GPT-4.1 only.

Which has the bigger context window, Gemma 3 12B or GPT-4.1?

GPT-4.1, with 1.05M tokens against 131K.

How many benchmarks is the Gemma 3 12B vs GPT-4.1 comparison based on?

40 benchmarks have a result for both models as of October 22, 2026. Gemma 3 12B's coding index rests on 0 independent benchmarks and GPT-4.1's on 0. Where only one model has a result, the page says so instead of naming a winner.

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